Remote sensign Research

Suppose you want the stats about how much your country is growing wheat this year, how much has the forest cover gone up or down, what percentage of the land that has been urbanized, draw topographic maps and so on, so forth. Now imagine yourself going places with measuring tape and calculating answers for yourself. The task will take whole of your life and still won't be complete.

Now what we do is save ourselves time and let satellites up there in space take thousands and thousands of pictures and we sit here, analyze and interpret them for answers to our aforementioned questions. This is remote sensing, the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object. Here we're talking about Earth. 

Manual analysis are prone to mistakes and is a cumbersome task so we still continue to save ourselves time and develop Geographic Information System. a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. They do those things automatically using Image processing, Machine Learning, Object Recognition etc. and give us detailed topographic maps, information about sea level, tides and wave direction in coastal areas and a lot of other things which in turn can help us manage, assess and plan our resources and environment better. It can also help predict environmental or man made hazards and so we can plan better to cope with them. They give us information about climate changes, changes in land use pattern etc.